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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
HIV-1 drug resistance-associated mutations among HIV-1 infected drug-naïve antenatal clinic attendees in rural Kenya
BMC Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, No. 1, Article 517, Year 2013
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Description
Background: Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased dramatically in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, 560,000 people had access to ART by the end of 2011. This scaling up of ART has raised challenges to the Kenyan health system due to emergence of drug resistant viruses among those on treatment and possible onward transmission. To counter this, and come up with an effective treatment strategy, it has become vital to determine baseline mutations associated with drug resistance among the circulating strains of HIV-1in Kenya.Methods: The prevalence of mutations associated with drug resistance in HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions from 188 HIV-1 infected treatment-naïve pregnant women was investigated in Kapsabet, Nandi Hills and Kitale district hospitals of Kenya. Blood samples were collected between April 2005 and June 2006. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified using primers for HIV-1 PR and RT and sequenced using the BigDye chemistry. The mutations were analyzed based on the IAS algorithm as well as the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results: Based on the PR and RT sequences, HIV-1 subtypes A1 (n=117, 62.2%), A2 (n=2, 1.1%), D (n=27, 14.4%), C (n=13, 6.9%), G (n=3, 1.6%), and possible recombinants (n=26, 13.8%) were detected. Mutations associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside RTI (NNRTI)-resistance were detected in 1.6% (3 of 188) and 1.1% (2 of 188), respectively. Mutations associated with PI resistance were detected in 0.5% (1 of 188) of the study population.Conclusion: The prevalence of drug resistance among drug-naïve pregnant women in rural North Rift, Kenya in 2006 was 3.2%. Major drug resistance mutations associated with PIs, NRTIs and NNRTIs do exist among treatment-naïve pregnant women in North Rift, Kenya. There is a need for consistent follow-up of drug-naïve individuals in this region to determine the impact of mutations on treatment outcomes. © 2013 Kiptoo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kiptoo, Michael Kibet
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Brooks, James I.
Canada, Ottawa
Public Health Agency of Canada
Lihana, Raphael Wekesa
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Sandstrom, P.
Canada, Ottawa
Public Health Agency of Canada
Ng'Ang'A, Zipporah W.
Kenya, Nairobi
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Kinyua, Joyceline Gaceri
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Lagat, Nancy J.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Okoth, Frederick A.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Songok, Elijah Maritim
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Canada, Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Statistics
Citations: 18
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2334-13-517
e-ISSN:
14712334
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Kenya
Participants Gender
Female