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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
Liver stiffness is associated with monocyte activation in HIV-infected ugandans without viral hepatitis
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Volume 29, No. 7, Year 2013
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Description
A high prevalence of liver stiffness, as determined by elevated transient elastography liver stiffness measurement, was previously found in a cohort of HIV-infected Ugandans in the absence of chronic viral hepatitis. Given the role of immune activation and microbial translocation in models of liver disease, a shared immune mechanism was hypothesized in the same cohort without other overt causes of liver disease. This study examined whether HIV-related liver stiffness was associated with markers of immune activation or microbial translocation (MT). A retrospective case-control study of subjects with evidence of liver stiffness as defined by a transient elastography stiffness measurement ≥9.3 kPa (cases=133) and normal controls (n=133) from Rakai, Uganda was performed. Cases were matched to controls by age, gender, HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) status. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), endotoxin IgM antibody, soluble CD14 (sCD14), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels were measured. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted matched odds ratios (adjMOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Higher sCD14 levels were associated with a 19% increased odds of liver stiffness (adjMOR=1.19, p=0.002). In HIV-infected individuals, higher sCD14 levels were associated with a 54% increased odds of having liver stiffness (adjMOR=1.54, p<0.001); however, the opposite was observed in HIV-negative individuals (adjMOR=0.57, p=0.001). No other biomarker was significantly associated with liver stiffness, and only one subject was found to have detectable LPS. Liver stiffness in HIV-infected Ugandans is associated with increased sCD14 indicative of monocyte activation in the absence of viral hepatitis or microbial translocation, and suggests that HIV may be directly involved in liver disease. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Redd, Andrew D.
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Niaid
Wendel, Sarah K.
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Niaid
Grabowski, Mary Kate
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Ocama, Ponsiano
Uganda, Kampala
Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Kiggundu, Valerian L.
Uganda, Kalisizo
Rakai Health Sciences Program
Bbosa, Francis
Uganda, Kalisizo
Rakai Health Sciences Program
Boaz, Iga
Uganda, Kalisizo
Rakai Health Sciences Program
Balagopal, Ashwin
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Reynolds, Steven James
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Niaid
Uganda, Kalisizo
Rakai Health Sciences Program
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Gray, Ronald H.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Serwadda, David Musoke
Uganda, Kampala
Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Uganda, Kalisizo
Rakai Health Sciences Program
Kirk, Gregory D.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Quinn, Thomas Charles
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Niaid
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Stabinski, Lara
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Niaid
Statistics
Citations: 23
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1089/aid.2013.0004
ISSN:
08892229
e-ISSN:
19318405
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Study Locations
Uganda