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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
A significant increase in kdr in Anopheles gambiae is associated with an intensive vector control intervention in Burundi highlands
Tropical Medicine and International Health, Volume 13, No. 12, Year 2008
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Description
Objectives and Methods: In Burundi, the occurrence of the knock down resistance (kdr) mutation in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was determined for six consecutive years within the framework of a vector control programme. Findings were also linked with the insecticide resistance status observed with bioassay in An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus. Results: The proportion of An. gambiae s.l. carrying the East Leu-Ser kdr mutation was 1% before the spraying intervention in 2002; by 2007 it was 86% in sprayed valleys and 67% in untreated valleys. Multivariate analysis showed that increased risk of carrying the kdr mutation is associated with spraying interventions, location and time. In bioassays conducted between 2005 and 2007 at five sites, An. funestus was susceptible to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT. Anopheles gambiae s.l. remained susceptible or tolerant to deltamethrin and resistant to DDT and permethrin, but only when kdr allele carriers reached 90% of the population. Conclusions: The cross-resistance against DDT and permethrin in Karuzi suggests a possible kdr resistance mechanism. Nevertheless, the homozygous resistant genotype alone does not entirely explain the bioassay results, and other mechanisms conferring resistance cannot be ruled out. After exposure to all three insecticides, homozygote individuals for the kdr allele dominate among the surviving An. gambiae s.l. This confirms the potential selection pressure of pyrethroids on kdr mutation. However, the high occurrence of the kdr mutation, even at sites far from the sprayed areas, suggests a selection pressure other than that exerted by the vector control programme. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Protopopoff, Natacha
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Belgium, Brussels
Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels
Verhaeghen, Katrijn
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Van Bortel, Wim
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Roelants, Patricia
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Marcotty, Tanguy
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Baza, Dismas
Burundi, Bujumbura
Ministry of Health
D'Alessandro, Umberto
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Coosemans, Marc H.
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Belgium, Antwerpen
Universiteit Antwerpen
Statistics
Citations: 88
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02164.x
ISSN:
13602276
e-ISSN:
13653156
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Burundi