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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
The anticancer effect of saffron in two p53 isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 12, Article 1100, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Saffron extract, a natural product, has been shown to induce apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. Nevertheless, the p53-dependency of saffron's mechanism of action in colon cancer remains unexplored.Material and methods: In order to examine saffron's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer cells, we treated two p53 isogenic HCT116 cell lines (HCT wildtype and HCT p53-/-) with different doses of the drug and analyzed cell proliferation and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. MTT viability and crystal violet assays were performed in order to determine the effective dose of saffron on both cell lines. The cell cycle progress was examined by Flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin-PI-staining and Western Blotting for caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Autophagy was determined by Western Blotting of the light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 proteins. The protein content of phospho-H2AX (γH2AX), a sensor of DNA double strand breaks, was also analyzed by Western Blotting.Results: Saffron extract induced a p53-dependent pattern of cell cycle distribution with a full G2/M stop in HCT116 p53 wildtype cells. However, it induced a remarkable delay in S/G2 phase transit with entry into mitosis in HCT116 p53 -/- cells. The apoptotic Pre-G1 cell fraction as well as Annexin V staining and caspase 3 cleavage showed a more pronounced apoptosis induction in HCT116 p53 wildtype cells. Obviously, the significantly higher DNA-damage, reflected by γ{phonetic}H2AX protein levels in cells lacking p53, was coped by up-regulation of autophagy. The saffron-induced LC3-II protein level was a remarkable indication of the accumulation of autophagosomes, a response to the cellular stress condition of drug treatment.Conclusions: This is the first study showing the effect of saffron in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with different p53 status. Saffron induced DNA-damage and apoptosis in both cell lines. However, autophagy has delayed the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 p53 -/- cells. Considering the fact that most tumors show a functional p53 inactivation, further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects of saffron in p53 -/- tumors. © 2012 Bajbouj et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Bajbouj, Khuloud
United Arab Emirates, Al Ain
United Arab Emirates University
Schulze-Luehrmann, Jan
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Diermeier, Stefanie
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Amin, Amr A.
United Arab Emirates, Al Ain
United Arab Emirates University
Egypt, Giza
Faculty of Science
Schneider-Stock, Regine
United Arab Emirates, Al Ain
United Arab Emirates University
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Statistics
Citations: 72
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1472-6882-12-69
e-ISSN:
14726882
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics