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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review
JAMA Network Open, Volume 6, No. 9, Year 2023
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Description
Importance: Observational (nonexperimental) studies that aim to emulate a randomized trial (ie, the target trial) are increasingly informing medical and policy decision-making, but it is unclear how these studies are reported in the literature. Consistent reporting is essential for quality appraisal, evidence synthesis, and translation of evidence to policy and practice. Objective: To assess the reporting of observational studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial. Evidence Review: We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for observational studies published between March 2012 and October 2022 that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial of a health or medical intervention. Two reviewers double-screened and -extracted data on study characteristics, key predefined components of the target trial protocol and its emulation (eligibility criteria, treatment strategies, treatment assignment, outcome[s], follow-up, causal contrast[s], and analysis plan), and other items related to the target trial emulation. Findings: A total of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial were included. These studies included 26 subfields of medicine, and 168 (84%) were published from January 2020 to October 2022. The aim to emulate a target trial was explicit in 70 study titles (35%). Forty-three studies (22%) reported use of a published reporting guideline (eg, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). Eighty-five studies (43%) did not describe all key items of how the target trial was emulated and 113 (57%) did not describe the protocol of the target trial and its emulation. Conclusion and Relevance: In this systematic review of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial, reporting of how the target trial was emulated was inconsistent. A reporting guideline for studies explicitly aiming to emulate a target trial may improve the reporting of the target trial protocols and other aspects of these emulation attempts.. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Hansford, Harrison J.
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Australia, Sydney
Neuroscience Research Australia
Cashin, Aidan Gregory
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Australia, Sydney
Neuroscience Research Australia
Jones, Matthew D.
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Australia, Sydney
Neuroscience Research Australia
Swanson, Sonja Alsemgeest
United States, Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Islam, Nazrul
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
United Kingdom, Southampton
University of Southampton
Dahabreh, Issa J.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Dickerman, Barbra A.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Egger, Matthias
Switzerland, Bern
University of Bern
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
United Kingdom, Bristol
University of Bristol
Golub, Robert M.
United States, Chicago
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Lodi, Sara
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
United States, Boston
Boston University
Moreno-Betancur, Margarita
Australia, Melbourne
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Pearson, Sallie Anne
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Schneeweiß, Sebastian Gordian Gordian
United States, Boston
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Sterne, Jonathan A.C.
United Kingdom, Bristol
University of Bristol
United Kingdom, Bristol
Nihr Bristol Biomedical Research Centre
United Kingdom, London
Health Data Research uk
Sharp, Melissa K.
Ireland, Dublin
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Stuart, Elizabeth A.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Hernan, Miguel A.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Lee, Hopin
United Kingdom, Exeter
University of Exeter Medical School
McAuley, James Henry
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Australia, Sydney
Neuroscience Research Australia
Statistics
Citations: 2
Authors: 19
Affiliations: 20
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36023
ISSN:
25743805
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Systematic review