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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia. 3. Occurrence of populations of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium
Acta Tropica, Volume 53, No. 2, Year 1993
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Description
In July 1989, blood samples were collected from parasitaemic cattle in the Ghibe valley, Ethiopia, frozen in liquid nitrogen and transported to Nairobi, Kenya. Twelve of the stabilates were inoculated into individual Boran (Bos indicus) calves and characterised for their sensitivity, in turn, to diminazene aceturate (Berenil®), isometamidium chloride (Samorin®) and homidium chloride (Novidium®). All 12 stabilates produced infections which were shown to be Trypanosoma congolense and resistant to treatment with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.0 mg kg-1 body weight (b.w.). Eleven of the infections were also resistant to isometamidium chloride at a dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 b.w. and homidium chloride at a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1 b.w. The drug-sensitivity phenotypes of three of the same isolates were also determined in goats which were each treated with only one of the three trypanocides: all expressed the same phenotypes as the populations expressed in the aforementioned Boran calves. Five clones were derived from one of the isolates which expressed a high level of resistance to all three trypanocides; each clone expressed high levels of resistance to all three trypanocides when characterised in mice. Thus, the multi-resistance phenotype of the parental isolate was associated with expression of multi-resistance by individual trypanosomes. Finally, molecular karyotypes and electrophoretic variants of six enzymes were determined for seven and eight of the isolates, respectively. Six different karyotypes were observed and all eight of the latter isolates belonged to different zymodemes, indicating that the multi-resistance phenotype at Ghibe was associated with many genetically distinct populations. © 1993.
Authors & Co-Authors
Codjia, V.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Kenya
Mulatu, Woudyalew
Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
International Livestock Centre for Africa Ilca Addis Ababa
Majiwa, Phelix O.A.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Kenya
Leak, Stephen G.A.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Kenya
Rowlands, G. John
Kenya, Nairobi
International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi
Authiè, Édith
Kenya, Nairobi
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Kenya
D'Ieteren, G. D.M.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi
Peregrine, Andrew S.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Kenya
Statistics
Citations: 111
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/0001-706X(93)90026-8
ISSN:
0001706X
Study Locations
Ethiopia
Kenya