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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
The epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial FAS in a South African community
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 88, No. 2-3, Year 2007
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Description
Objectives: The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) were determined in a third primary school cohort in a community in South Africa (SA). Methods: An active case ascertainment, two-tier screening methodology, and the revised Institute of Medicine diagnostic criteria were employed among 818 first grade pupils. Characteristics of children with FAS and PFAS are contrasted with a randomly selected control group. Data were collected and analyzed for children in the study regarding: (1) physical growth and development, including dysmorphology, (2) intelligence and behavioral characteristics, and (3) their mother's social, behavioral, and physical characteristics. Results: The rate of FAS and PFAS in this area continues as the highest reported in any overall community and is much higher than rates elsewhere. In this cohort it is 68.0-89.2 per 1000. Severe episodic drinking on weekends among mothers of children with FAS and PFAS accounts for 96% of all alcohol consumed. Various measures of maternal drinking are significantly correlated with negative outcomes of children in the areas of non-verbal intelligence (-0.26), verbal intelligence (-0.28), problem behavior (0.31), and overall dysmorphology score (0.59). Significantly more FAS and PFAS exists among children of rural residents (OR = 3.79). Conclusions: A high rate of FAS and PFAS was again documented in this community, and it has increased. Given population similarities, we suspect that other communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa also have high rates. Programs for prevention are needed. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
May, Philip A.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Phillip Gossage, J.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Marais, Anna Susan
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Adnams, Colleen M.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Hoyme, H. Eugene
United States, Stanford
Stanford University School of Medicine
Jones, Kenneth Lyons
United States, San Diego
Ucsd Medical Center-hillcrest
Robinson, Luther K.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Khaole, Nathaniel C.O.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Snell, Cudore L.
United States, Washington, D.c.
Howard University
Kalberg, Wendy O.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Hendricks, Loretta S.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Brooke, Lesley E.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Stellavato, Chandra
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Viljoen, Dennis Lucy
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Statistics
Citations: 326
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.007
ISSN:
03768716
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Locations
South Africa