Human IgE, IgG subclass, and IgM responses to worm and egg antigens in Schistosomiasis haematobium: A 12-month study of reinfection in Cameroonian children

Levels of IgE, IgM, and IgG subclasses against Schistosoma haematobium adult worm antigen (AWA) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) in a cohort of 148 S. haematobium-infected schoolchildren were determined before and up to 12 months after chemotherapy. Infection intensities were determined as concentrations of circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum. One month posttreatment, the antibody levels of all isotypes against AWA were increased, but 1 year after treatment they returned to pretreatment levels. CAA concentrations were positively associated with levels of IgG4 against AWA and SEA but not with levels of IgE. Age correlated negatively with CAA concentrations and positively with levels of IgE to AWA. The balance of anti-AWA IgG4 and IgE was significantly correlated to the CAA concentration, in particular in the older age group (11-13 years). This may suggest that protective immune mechanisms in S. haematobium infections become effective around the age of 12 years.