Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination of traditionally grilled pork marketed in South Benin and health risk assessment for the Beninese consumer

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination was monitored in grilled pork sold in Beninese street restaurants, as well as in grilled pork from a well-controlled experiment replicating traditional grilling using Acacia auriculiformis wood as fuel. Fifteen PAHs were analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with fluorescence detection. To assess the risk for the consumer, the margins of exposure (MOEs) were calculated, as the ratio between benchmark PAHs levels and consumer intakes. A MOE below 10,000 indicates a concern for human health for carcinogenic compounds such as PAHs. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) levels up to 17.9 and 53.6 µg/kg were found in grilled pork sampled in restaurants and from the controlled experiment, respectively. When considering both median estimated daily intake and median PAHs contamination levels, MOEs calculated for Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) alone, or for the sum of 2, 4 or 8 PAHs were above 10,000, meaning no risk in these cases. However, for the same PAHs contamination level, MOE for consumers having large amounts of grilled pork (97.5th percentile and maximum level of pork consumption) were well below 10,000. When considering the maximum level of PAHs contamination, MOEs ranged between 257 and 2,757 for the high and median levels of consumption, indicating a safety concern for these consumers. This study reveals that Beninese grilled pork consumers from South Benin can be exposed to high levels of PAHs, which might result in public health issues.