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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Phylodynamic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in distinct brain compartments provides a model for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS
Journal of Virology, Volume 79, No. 17, Year 2005
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Description
"Phylodynamic" analysis combines various statistical procedures that can be used to correlate the epidemiological and evolutionary behavior of viral pathogens with the immune system of the host. We utilized this approach to examine human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope DNA sequences (V1, V2, and V3) isolated from different brain compartments of a T-cell-depleted patient diagnosed with severe HFV-associated dementia at the time of death. In agreement with previous reports, phylogenetic analysis showed distinct virodemes but also revealed a significant amount of viral gene flow among different brain compartments. Local-molecular-clock analysis showed that HIV-1 meninges and temporal lobe subpopulations evolve about 30 and 100 times faster, respectively, than the other viral populations in the brain. However, maximum likelihood codon-based substitution models did not detect any site under significant positive selective pressure, and the main cause of HIV-1 genetic variation appeared to be random genetic drift. Therefore, the higher evolutionary rate in the meninges and temporal lobe could be due to an enhanced infection/expansion rate of macrophages as a consequence of the immune system failure. In conclusion, in this case study, viral infection in the brain progressed with a nonspecific genetic evolution, recurrent migration events, and an expansion of macrophage-tropic sequences. The data suggest that after immune failure newly produced viral variants, which would be rapidly cleared under normal conditions, begin to productively infect macrophages in a "self-amplifying" cycle of infection/inflammatory response that could be at the origin of HIV-associated dementia. Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Salemi, Marco
United States, Irvine
University of California, Irvine
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Lamers, Susanna L.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
De Oliveira, Tulio
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Fitch, Walter M.
United States, Irvine
University of California, Irvine
McGrath, Michael S.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Statistics
Citations: 101
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1128/JVI.79.17.11343-11352.2005
ISSN:
0022538X
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Mental Health
Study Design
Case Study
Study Approach
Qualitative