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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Spatially explicit analyses of anopheline mosquitoes indoor resting density: Implications for malaria control
PLoS ONE, Volume 7, No. 2, Article e31843, Year 2012
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Description
Background: The question of sampling and spatial aggregation of malaria vectors is central to vector control efforts and estimates of transmission. Spatial patterns of anopheline populations are complex because mosquitoes' habitats and behaviors are strongly heterogeneous. Analyses of spatially referenced counts provide a powerful approach to delineate complex distribution patterns, and contributions of these methods in the study and control of malaria vectors must be carefully evaluated. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used correlograms, directional variograms, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) and the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE) to examine spatial patterns of Indoor Resting Densities (IRD) in two dominant malaria vectors sampled with a 5×5 km grid over a 2500 km 2 area in the forest domain of Cameroon. SADIE analyses revealed that the distribution of Anopheles gambiae was different from regular or random, whereas there was no evidence of spatial pattern in Anopheles funestus (Ia = 1.644, Pa<0.05 and Ia = 1.464, Pa>0.05, respectively). Correlograms and variograms showed significant spatial autocorrelations at small distance lags, and indicated the presence of large clusters of similar values of abundance in An. gambiae while An. funestus was characterized by smaller clusters. The examination of spatial patterns at a finer spatial scale with SADIE and LISA identified several patches of higher than average IRD (hot spots) and clusters of lower than average IRD (cold spots) for the two species. Significant changes occurred in the overall spatial pattern, spatial trends and clusters when IRDs were aggregated at the house level rather than the locality level. All spatial analyses unveiled scale-dependent patterns that could not be identified by traditional aggregation indices. Conclusions/Significance: Our study illustrates the importance of spatial analyses in unraveling the complex spatial patterns of malaria vectors, and highlights the potential contributions of these methods in malaria control. © 2012 Kamdem et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kamdem, Colince
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Cameroon, Yaounde
Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre Les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon
Cameroon, Yaounde
Université de Yaoundé I
Fouet, Caroline
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Cameroon, Yaounde
Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre Les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon
Etouna, Joachim E.
Cameroon, Yaounde
Institut National de Cartographie Inc
Etoa, François Xavier
Cameroon, Yaounde
Université de Yaoundé I
Simard, Frédéric R.
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Besansky, Nora J.
United States, Notre Dame
University of Notre Dame
Costantini, Carlo
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Cameroon, Yaounde
Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre Les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon
Statistics
Citations: 16
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0031843
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Locations
Cameroon