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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
physics and astronomy
TeV γ-ray observations of the Crab and Mkn 501 during moonshine and twilight
Astroparticle Physics, Volume 12, No. 1-2, Year 1999
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Description
TeV γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula and Mkn 501 were detected with the HEGRA CT1 imaging Cerenkov telescope during periods when the moon was shining and during twilight. This was accomplished by lowering the high voltage supply of the photomultipliers in fixed steps up to 13%. No other adjustments were made and no filters were used. Laser runs could not establish any nonlinearity in the gain of the individual pixels, and the trigger rate was uniform over the whole camera. The energy threshold was increased by up to a factor of two, depending on the amount of HV reduction. In a series of observations lasting 11.7 hours, a signal with a 3.4σ significance was detected from the Crab. During the 1997 multiple flare episode of Mkn 501 a 26σ combined excess was recorded during 134 hours of observations under various moonshine/twilight conditions. The results show that this technique can easily be adapted to increase the exposure of a source, which is important for sources showing rapid time variability such as AGNs or GRBs. Observations can be made up to ∼ 20° angular separation from the moon and until the moon is 85% illuminated (ten to eleven days before and after new moon), as well as during 20 to 40 minutes during twilight, before the commencement of astronomical darkness. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kranich, Daniel
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Mirzoyan, Razmik G.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Petry, Dirk
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Spain, Cerdanyola Del Valles
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Raubenheimer, B. Christo
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Aharonian, F. A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Akhperjanian, Ashot G.
Armenia, Yerevan
Yerevan Physics Institute
Barrio, Juan Abel
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Beck, C. C.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Bernlöhr, Konrad
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Germany, Eggenstein-leopoldshafen
Karlsruher Institut Für Technologie, Campus Nord
Bojahr, H.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Contreras, José Luis
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Cortina, J.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Daum, A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Deckers, T.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Denninghoff, S.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Fonseca, M. V.
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Gebauer, J.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Gonzalez, J. C.
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Heinzelmann, Götz
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Hemberger, M.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hermann, German
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hess, M.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Heusler, A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hofmann, Werner
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hohl, H.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Horns, Dieter
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Ibarra, Aitor
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Kankanyan, Ruben
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Kestel, M.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Kirstein, O.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Köhler, C.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Konopelko, Alexander K.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Kornmayer, H.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Krawczynski, Henric S.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Lampeitl, Hubert
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Lindner, A.
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Lorenz, Eckhart
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Magnussen, N.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Meyer, H.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Moralejo, Abelardo
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Padilla, L.
Spain, Madrid
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Panter, M.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Plaga, R.
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Plyasheshnikov, A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Prahl, J.
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Pûhlhofer, Gerd
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Rauterberg, G.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Renault, Cécile
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Rhode, Wolfgang
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Roehring, A.
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Sahakian, Vardan H.
Armenia, Yerevan
Yerevan Physics Institute
Samorski, M.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Schmele, D.
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Schröder, Frank G.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Stamm, W.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Völk, Heinrich J.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Wiebel-Sooth, B.
Germany, Wuppertal
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Wiedner, C. A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Willmer, M.
Germany, Kiel
Christian-albrechts-universität zu Kiel
Wirth, H.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Wittek, Wolfgang
Germany, Munich
Max Planck Institute for Physics Werner Heisenberg Institute
Statistics
Citations: 61
Authors: 61
Affiliations: 10
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S0927-6505(99)00016-X
ISSN:
09276505