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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Morphometry of the ear in north Sudanese subjects with down syndrome: A three-dimensional computerized assessment
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Volume 22, No. 1, Year 2011
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Description
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent live-born autosomal aneuploidy in humans. Scanty data on the craniofacial phenotype of African subjects with DS have been published so far. We wanted to detail the morphologic characteristics of the ears in north Sudanese subjects with DS.The three-dimensional coordinates of 13 soft-tissue landmarks on the ears were obtained using a laser scanner in 64 north Sudanese subjects with DS aged 4 to 34 years and in 682 sex- and age-matched control subjects. From the landmarks, left and right linear distances (ear width and length), ratios (ear width-to-ear length), areas (ear area), angles (angle of the auricle vs the facial midplane), and the three-dimensional symmetry index were calculated. Distances, angles, areas, and ratios were computed. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z scores and calculating Student t tests. Ear width, length, and area were significantly (Student t test, P < 0.001) smaller in the subjects with DS than in the reference subjects. On the right side of the face, the subjects with DS had larger ear width-to-ear length ratios and larger angles of the auricle versus the facial midplane than the reference subjects. The three-dimensional symmetry index was significantly larger in the reference subjects. In conclusion, ear dimensions, position, and shape significantly differed in subjects with DS when compared with sex-, age-, and ethnic group-matched control subjects. Copyright © 2011 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.
Authors & Co-Authors
Sforza, Chiarella
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
Elamin, Fadil
Sudan, Khartoum
El-razi College Dentistry
Rosati, Riccardo
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
Lucchini, Marco Alberto
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
de Menezes, Márcio
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
Ferrario, Virgilio Ferruccio
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
Statistics
Citations: 15
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 2
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f7dd8c
ISSN:
10492275