Inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus : A case report

Introduction: Inflammatory pseudotumors are a rare group of benign neoplasms of unknown etiology. They are uncommon in the head and neck, particularly in the paranasal sinuses. The authors report a new case of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus, and discuss the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of this entity based on a literature review. Case: The patient, aged 31, consulted for a right cheek swelling lasting for 3 months. Clinical examination showed a right upper vestibular filling with teeth mobility. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of a dense tissue process of the right maxillary sinus with erosion of the bone walls and extension to the ipsilateral nasal cavity. Tumor resection was done, and histological examination showed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the maxillary sinus. No recurrence was observed with a follow-up of 9 years. Discussion: Although benign, inflammatory pseudotumors often show aggressive clinical behavior, with locally destructive features that mimic a malignant tumor. Their treatment is not well established. Surgical excision and corticosteroids are the most used. Surgeons and pathologists should consider this entity in order to avoid surgery.