Type III open tibia fractures in low-resource setting. Part 2: Soft-tissue coverage with simple, reliable and replicable pedicle flaps

After limb salvage based on debridement and external fixation, Gustilo IIIB open tibia fractures must undergo soft-tissue repair within 7 days. In low-resource setting, the coverage is performed with pedicled flaps only, which can be used by any orthopedic surgeon after minimal training. The authors describe here the simplified use of 7 basic flap transfers that can deal with almost all soft tissue defects. The diffusion of these techniques in developing countries is crucial for limiting functional and trophic effects related to prolonged exposure of the fracture site.