The knowledge levels, perceptions, and practices of irrigation farmers in the context of soil salinity management in the South African sugarcane industry*

Soil salinity is a well-researched issue. However, farmers' knowledge and perceptions of salinity management are less known. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 34 sugarcane growers, farming 18,174 ha under irrigation in South Africa. The questionnaire evaluated current knowledge levels, management practices, and perceptions about salinity management. The results reveal several knowledge gaps. Many farmers were not monitoring their soil salinity status or the water quality used for irrigation. A large portion (71%) of farmers observed visible signs of salinity; however, very few were implementing flushing of salts with irrigation. Contrastingly, participants suggested that they perceived the threat of salinity and have sufficient knowledge about causes and the preventative and corrective measures for salinity management. In addition, respondents were satisfied that the benefits of salinity management outweigh the costs. Participants, however, perceived practical difficulty and hassle factors relating to the knowledge and skill required for implementation. In conclusion, extension activities need to extend beyond knowledge sharing to the level of implementation. On-farm testing, demonstration plots, farm visits, and technical tours are recommended. Relevant economic and practical case study information must be gathered and shared with larger farmer groups.