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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Serological correlates of protection against a GII.4 norovirus
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Volume 22, No. 8, Year 2015
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Description
Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and norovirus vaccine prevention strategies are under evaluation. The immunogenicity of two doses of bivalent genogroup 1 genotype 1 (GI.1)/GII.4 (50 μg of virus-like particles [VLPs] of each strain adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide and 3-O-desacyl-4=monophosphoryl lipid A [MPL]) norovirus vaccine administered to healthy adults in a phase 1/2 double-blind placebo-controlled trial was determined using virus-specific serum total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgG, IgA, and histoblood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays. Trial participants subsequently received an oral live virus challenge with a GII.4 strain, and the vaccine efficacy results were reported previously (D. I. Bernstein et al., J Infect Dis 211:870-878, 2014, doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu497). This report assesses the impact of prechallenge serum antibody levels on infection and illness outcomes. Serum antibody responses were observed in vaccine recipients by all antibody assays, with first-dose seroresponse frequencies ranging from 88 to 100% for the GI.1 antigen and from 69 to 84% for the GII.4 antigen. There was little increase in antibody levels after the second vaccine dose. Among the subjects receiving the placebo, higher prechallenge serum anti-GII.4 HBGA-blocking and IgA antibody levels, but not IgG or total antibody levels, were associated with a lower frequency of virus infection and associated illness. Notably, some placebo subjects without measurable serum antibody levels prechallenge did not become infected after norovirus challenge. In vaccinees, anti-GII.4 HBGA-blocking antibody levels of >1:500 were associated with a lower frequency of moderate-to-severe vomiting or diarrheal illness. In this study, prechallenge serum HBGA antibody titers correlated with protection in subjects receiving the placebo; however, other factors may impact the likelihood of infection and illness after virus exposure. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Atmar, Robert L.
United States, Houston
Baylor College of Medicine
Bernstein, David Isaac
United States, Cincinnati
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Lyon, George Marshall
United States, Atlanta
Emory University
Treanor, John Jay
United States, Rochester
University of Rochester Medical Center
Graham, D. Y.
United States, Houston
Baylor College of Medicine
United States, Houston
Michael E. Debakey va Medical Center
Vinjé, Jan
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jiang, Xi
United States, Cincinnati
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Gregoricus, Nicole A.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Frenck, Robert W.
United States, Cincinnati
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Moe, Christine L.
United States, Atlanta
Emory University
Chen, Wilbur H.
United States, Baltimore
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Opekun, Antone R.
United States, Houston
Baylor College of Medicine
United States, Houston
Michael E. Debakey va Medical Center
Estes, Mary Kolb
United States, Houston
Baylor College of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 106
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 8
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1128/CVI.00196-15
ISSN:
15566811
Research Areas
Disability
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases