Sleep architecture in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Aim The aim is to analyze the sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME): (newly diagnosed and those on valproate drug) attending epilepsy clinic at Alexandria University Hospitals. Methods This study involved 20 patients with JME on valproate (age: 22.40 ± 5.80 years; M:F = 6:14), 20 newly diagnosed patients (age: 18.55 ± 6.0 years; M:F = 6:14), and 20 matched healthy controls (age: 22.10 ± 5.0 years; M:F = 6:14). Clinical assessment, electroencephalogram (EEG), evaluation with comprehensive sleep questionnaire, and PSG were done for all patients. Results PSG showed significant alterations in sleep architecture in the total JME group in the form of reduced mean sleep efficiency (p = 0.001∗), increased mean Rapid eye movement (REM) onset latency (p = 0.046∗), decrease mean REM percentage (p = 0.011∗), increased mean wakefulness after sleep onset (p = 0.018∗), increase the index of total arousal (p = 0.005∗), increased mean periodic limb movement index (P = 0.001∗), and reduced apnea hypopnea index (P = <0.001) in comparison to control group. Valproate treated group showed increased sleep efficiency (p = 0.040∗), decreased REM arousal index (P = 0.012), longer stage 3 (P = 0.038), and prolonged stage 2 (P = 0.049∗) than the newly diagnosed group. Conclusions Sleep architecture was significantly disturbed in JME, with improvement in sleep efficiency in valproate treated patients.