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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Community risk factors for ocular chlamydia infection in Niger: Pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 6, No. 4, Article e1586, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Trachoma control programs utilize mass azithromycin distributions to treat ocular Chlamydia trachomatis as part of an effort to eliminate this disease world-wide. But it remains unclear what the community-level risk factors are for infection. Methods: This cluster-randomized, controlled trial entered 48 randomly selected communities in a 2×2 factorial design evaluating the effect of different treatment frequencies and treatment coverage levels. A pretreatment census and examination established the prevalence of risk factors for clinical trachoma and ocular chlamydia infection including years of education of household head, distance to primary water source, presence of household latrine, and facial cleanliness (ocular discharge, nasal discharge, and presence of facial flies). Univariate and multivariate associations were tested using linear regression and Bayes model averaging. Findings: There were a total of 24,536 participants (4,484 children aged 0-5 years) in 6,235 households in the study. Before treatment in May to July 2010, the community-level prevalence of active trachoma (TF or TI utilizing the World Health Organization [WHO] grading system) was 26.0% (95% CI: 21.9% to 30.0%) and the mean community-level prevalence of chlamydia infection by Amplicor PCR was 20.7% (95% CI: 16.5% to 24.9%) in children aged 0-5 years. Univariate analysis showed that nasal discharge (0.29, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.54; P = 0.03), presence of flies on the face (0.40, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.64; P = 0.001), and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.07, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.13; P = 0.03) were independent risk factors for chlamydia infection. In multivariate analysis, facial flies (0.26, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.49; P = 0.03) and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.06, 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.11; P = 0.02) were associated risk factors for ocular chlamydial infection. Interpretation: We have found that the presence of facial flies and years of education of the head of the household are risk factors for chlamydia infection when the analysis is done at the community level. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00792922. © 2012 Amza et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3335874/bin/pntd.0001586.s001.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3335874/bin/pntd.0001586.s002.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Amza, Abdou
Unknown Affiliation
Kadri, Boubacar
Unknown Affiliation
Nassirou, Beido
Unknown Affiliation
Stoller, Nicole E.
Unknown Affiliation
Yu, Sun N.
Unknown Affiliation
Zhou, Zhaoxia
Unknown Affiliation
Chin, Stephanie A.
Unknown Affiliation
Vos, Theo K.
Unknown Affiliation
Bailey, Robin L.
Unknown Affiliation
Mabey, David C.W.
Unknown Affiliation
Keenan, Jeremy David
Unknown Affiliation
Porco, Travis C.
Unknown Affiliation
Lietman, Thomas M.
Unknown Affiliation
Gaynor, Bruce D.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 49
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001586
ISSN:
19352727
e-ISSN:
19352735
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Niger