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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics
Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity
Toxicology, Volume 307, Year 2013
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Description
Persistent organic pollutants comprised of organic chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and organochlorinated pesticides which have many characteristics in common. Once released in the environment they resist physical, biological, chemical and photochemical breakdown processes and thus persist in the environment. They are subject to long transboundary air pollution transport. They accumulate in the food chain due to their lipophilicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties. Human exposure occurs through inhalation of air, ingestion of food and skin contact. Because most of them bioaccumulate and remain preferentially in fat, their long-term effects are still a matter of public health concern. They are condemned for health adverse effects such as cancer, reproductive defects, neurobehavioral abnormalities, endocrine and immunological toxicity. These effects can be elicited via a number of mechanisms among others include disruption of endocrine system, oxidation stress and epigenetic. However most of the mechanisms are not clear thus a number of studies are ongoing trying to elucidate them. In this review, the underlying possible mechanisms of action and their possible roles in adverse developmental and reproductive processes are discussed and where possible a linkage is made to some existing epidemiological data. Both genomic and nongenomic pathways are used to describe these effects. Understanding of these mechanisms will enable development of strategies to protect the public by reducing these adverse effects. This review is limited to persistent organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) and endosulfan. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Mrema, E. J.
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Facoltà Di Medicina e Chirurgia
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Rubino, F. M.
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Facoltà Di Medicina e Chirurgia
Brambilla, G.
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Facoltà Di Medicina e Chirurgia
Moretto, Angelo
Italy, Milan
Ospedale Luigi Sacco - Polo Universitario
Tsatsakis, Aristides Michael
Greece, Heraklion
University of Crete Medical School
Colosio, Claudio
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Facoltà Di Medicina e Chirurgia
Statistics
Citations: 374
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.015
ISSN:
0300483X
e-ISSN:
18793185
Research Areas
Cancer
Environmental
Food Security
Sexual And Reproductive Health