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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
The burden of invasive bacterial infections in Pemba, Zanzibar
PLoS ONE, Volume 7, No. 2, Article e30350, Year 2012
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Description
Background: We conducted a surveillance study to determine the leading causes of bloodstream infection in febrile patients seeking treatment at three district hospitals in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, an area with low malaria transmission. Methods: All patients above two months of age presenting to hospital with fever were screened, and blood was collected for microbiologic culture and malaria testing. Bacterial sepsis and malaria crude incidence rates were calculated for a one-year period and were adjusted for study participation and diagnostic sensitivity of blood culture. Results: Blood culture was performed on 2,209 patients. Among them, 166 (8%) samples yielded bacterial growth; 87 (4%) were considered as likely contaminants; and 79 (4%) as pathogenic bacteria. The most frequent pathogenic bacteria isolated were Salmonella Typhi (n = 46; 58%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 12; 15%). The crude bacteremia rate was 6/100,000 but when adjusted for potentially missed cases the rate may be as high as 163/100,000. Crude and adjusted rates for S. Typhi infections and malaria were 4 and 110/100,000 and 4 and 47/100,000, respectively. Twenty three (51%), 22 (49%) and 22 (49%) of the S.Typhi isolates were found to be resistant toward ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) against the three antimicrobials was detected in 42% of the isolates. Conclusions: In the presence of very low malaria incidence we found high rates of S. Typhi and S. pneumoniae infections on Pemba Island, Zanzibar. Preventive measures such as vaccination could reduce the febrile disease burden. © 2012 Thriemer et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Thriemer, Kamala L.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Ley, Benedikt B.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Austria, Vienna
Universität Wien
Ame, Shaali Makame
Tanzania
Public Health Laboratory Pemba - Ivo de Carneri
Tanzania, Mkokotoni
Ministry of Health Zanzibar
Von-Seidlein, Lorenz
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
de Pak, Giok
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Chang, Na Yoon
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Hashim, Ramadhan
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Schmied, Wolfgang Hellmut
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
BuschClara, Clara Jana Lui
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Austria, Vienna
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna
Nixon, Shanette
Unknown Affiliation
Morrissey, Anne B.
Unknown Affiliation
Puri, Mahesh K.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Ali, Mohammad M.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Ochiai, R. Leon
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Wierzba, Thomas F.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Jiddawi, Mohamed Saleh
Tanzania, Mkokotoni
Ministry of Health Zanzibar
Clemens, John David
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Ali, Said Mohammed
Tanzania
Public Health Laboratory Pemba - Ivo de Carneri
Tanzania, Mkokotoni
Ministry of Health Zanzibar
Deen, Jacqueline L.
South Korea, Seoul
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
Statistics
Citations: 52
Authors: 19
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0030350
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Tanzania