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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Detection of acute HIV infection: A field evaluation of the determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo test
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 205, No. 4, Year 2012
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Description
(See the editorial commentary by Branson and Stekler, on pages 521-4.)Background.Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) point-of-care tests detect antibodies (Ab) but not p24 antigen (Ag) or RNA. In the absence of antibodies, p24 antigen and RNA typically indicate acute HIV infection. We conducted a field evaluation of the Determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo rapid test (Combo RT).Methods.The antigen portion of the Combo RT (for acute HIV infection) was compared with a Roche Monitor HIV RNA polymerase chain reaction assay. The antibody portion of Combo RT (for established HIV infection) was compared with rapid test algorithms. Participants were enrolled at a sexually transmitted infection clinic and HIV testing and counseling center in Lilongwe, Malawi. Rapid testing was conducted with parallel testing in the clinic and serial testing in the center. The Combo RT was performed in clinic participants with negative or discordant antibody results and in all center participants.Results.Of the participants 838 were HIV negative, 163 had established HIV infection, and 8 had acute HIV infection. For detecting acute HIV infection, the antigen portion had a sensitivity of 0.000 and a specificity of 0.983. For detecting established HIV infection, the antibody portion had a sensitivity of 0.994 and a specificity of 0.992.Conclusions.Combo RT displayed excellent performance for detecting established HIV infection and poor performance for detecting acute HIV infection. In this setting, Combo RT is no more useful than current algorithms. © 2011 The Author.
Authors & Co-Authors
Rosenberg, Nora Ellen
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Kamanga, Gift
Malawi, Lilongwe
Unc Project-malawi
Phiri, Sam John Peter
Malawi, Lilongwe
Lighthouse Trust
Nsona, Dominic P.
Malawi, Lilongwe
Lighthouse Trust
Pettifor, Audrey E.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rutstein, Sarah E.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Kamwendo, Deborah D.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Malawi, Lilongwe
Unc Project-malawi
Hoffman, Irving F.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Keating, Maria
Malawi, Lilongwe
Unc Project-malawi
Brown, Lillian B.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Ndalama, Beatrice
Malawi, Lilongwe
Unc Project-malawi
Fiscus, Susan A.
Malawi, Lilongwe
Lighthouse Trust
Congdon, Seth
Malawi, Lilongwe
Unc Project-malawi
Cohen, Myron S.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Miller, William C.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Statistics
Citations: 124
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/infdis/jir789
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Locations
Malawi