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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Metal emissions and urban incident parkinson disease: A community health study of medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems
American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 172, No. 12, Year 2010
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Description
Parkinson disease associated with farming and exposure to agricultural chemicals has been reported in numerous studies; little is known about Parkinson disease risk factors for those living in urban areas. The authors investigated the relation between copper, lead, or manganese emissions and Parkinson disease incidence in the urban United States, studying 29 million Medicare beneficiaries in the year 2003. Parkinson disease incidence was determined by using beneficiaries who had not changed residence since 1995. Over 35,000 nonmobile incident Parkinson disease cases, diagnosed by a neurologist, were identified for analysis. Age-, race-, and sex-standardized Parkinson disease incidence was compared between counties with high cumulative industrial release of copper, manganese, or lead (as reported to the Environmental Protection Agency and counties with no/ low reported release of all 3 metals. Parkinson disease incidence (per 100,000 in counties with no/low copper/ lead/manganese release was 274.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 226.8, 353.5 Incidence was greater in counties with high manganese release: 489.4 (95% CI: 368.3, 689.5 (relative risk = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.07 and counties with high copper release: 304.2 (95% CI: 276.0, 336.8 (relative risk = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.31 Urban Parkinson disease incidence is greater in counties with high reported industrial release of copper or manganese. Environmental exposure to metals may be a risk factor for Parkinson disease in urban areas. © The Author 2010.
Authors & Co-Authors
Willis, Allison W.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Evanoff, Bradley A.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Schootman, Mario
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Racette, Brad A.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Statistics
Citations: 118
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 1
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/aje/kwq303
ISSN:
14766256
Study Design
Cohort Study