Having a child with orofacial cleft: Initial reaction and psychosocial experiences of Ghanaian mothers

Background: Orofacial cleft are the most prevalent congenital deformity of the orofacial region. The birth of a child with orofacial cleft elicit emotional trauma in mothers. Objectives: The study explored the reactions and psychosocial experiences of Ghanaian mothers’ having children with cleft lip or/and palate in the Kumasi metropolis. Methods: The study employed a qualitative exploratory descriptive design to realize its objectives. Purposive sampling method was used and data saturation was achieved with 12 informants aged 18 years to above 40 years. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Data analysis was done concurrently applying the techniques of thematic analysis. Results: Mothers’ described their initial reaction to the birth of the child as unexpected event with culminated experiences such as shock and disappointment, leading to rejection of the child. Mothers’ experienced emotional reactions such as sadness, anxiety and worry. Also, feeding challenges were experienced. Perceived and actual stigma were expressed which led to social isolation. They received support from their spouses and health professionals. Six main themes emerged were unexpected event, nutritional challenges, emotional reactions, participation restriction, losses and support. Conclusion: Mothers need supportive care from husbands, families and healthcare providers. There is also the need to educate the general public on orofacial cleft.