Peyronie's disease is associated with an increase in transforming growth factor-β protein expression

Purpose: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been implicated in many chronic fibrotic conditions such as pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis. We postulated that TGF-β may play a role in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease. Materials and Methods: Tissues from the tunica albuginea of 30 Peyronie's disease patients (study group) and from 6 patients without Peyronie's disease, who had undergone penile prosthesis surgery for organic impotence (control group), were subjected to histological examination using Hart and trichrome stains and Western blotting for the detection of TGF-β protein expression. Results: The results of these experiments demonstrate that all tissue from Peyronie's disease patients showed a variety of histological changes of the tunica, ranging from chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration to complete calcification and ossification of the tissues. The most prominent changes observed in the majority of patients were focal or diffused elastosis, fenestration and disorganization of the collagen bundles. TGF-β1 protein expression was detected in 26 patients (86%), while only 7 (23%) and 5 (17%) patients showed TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 protein expression, respectively. One patient in the control group showed fibrosis of the tunica albuginea and protein expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. This patient had undergone surgery for the revision of his prosthesis twice. Five patients from the control group showed normal histological patterns of the tunica albuginea and no protein expression for TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. Conclusions: TGF-β1 protein expression is significantly associated with Peyronie's disease, which may provide a new insight and the potential for the prevention and treatment of this disease.