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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Age of the association between Helicobacter pylori and man
PLoS Pathogens, Volume 8, No. 5, Article e1002693, Year 2012
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Description
When modern humans left Africa ca. 60,000 years ago (60 kya), they were already infected with Helicobacter pylori, and these bacteria have subsequently diversified in parallel with their human hosts. But how long were humans infected by H. pylori prior to the out-of-Africa event? Did this co-evolution predate the emergence of modern humans, spanning the species divide? To answer these questions, we investigated the diversity of H. pylori in Africa, where both humans and H. pylori originated. Three distinct H. pylori populations are native to Africa: hpNEAfrica in Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan speakers, hpAfrica1 in Niger-Congo speakers and hpAfrica2 in South Africa. Rather than representing a sustained co-evolution over millions of years, we find that the coalescent for all H. pylori plus its closest relative H. acinonychis dates to 88-116 kya. At that time the phylogeny split into two primary super-lineages, one of which is associated with the former hunter-gatherers in southern Africa known as the San. H. acinonychis, which infects large felines, resulted from a later host jump from the San, 43-56 kya. These dating estimates, together with striking phylogenetic and quantitative human-bacterial similarities show that H. pylori is approximately as old as are anatomically modern humans. They also suggest that H. pylori may have been acquired via a single host jump from an unknown, non-human host. We also find evidence for a second Out of Africa migration in the last 52,000 years, because hpEurope is a hybrid population between hpAsia2 and hpNEAfrica, the latter of which arose in northeast Africa 36-52 kya, after the Out of Africa migrations around 60 kya. © 2012 Moodley et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3349757/bin/ppat.1002693.s001.xls
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3349757/bin/ppat.1002693.s002.xls
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3349757/bin/ppat.1002693.s003.xls
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3349757/bin/ppat.1002693.s004.xls
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3349757/bin/ppat.1002693.s005.txt
Authors & Co-Authors
Moodley, Yoshan
Germany, Berlin
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
Austria, Vienna
Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien
Linz, Bodo
Germany, Berlin
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
United States, University Park
Pennsylvania State University
Bond, R. P.
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Nieuwoudt, Martin J.
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Soodyall, Himla
South Africa, Johannesburg
National Health Laboratory Service
Schlebusch, Carina M.
South Africa, Johannesburg
National Health Laboratory Service
Bernhöft, Steffi
Germany, Berlin
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
Hale, James
Ireland, Cork
University College Cork
Suerbaum, Sebastian
Germany, Hannover
Hannover Medical School
Mugisha, Lawrence
Unknown Affiliation
van der Merwe, Schalk Willem
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Achtman, Mark
Germany, Berlin
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
Ireland, Cork
University College Cork
Statistics
Citations: 304
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002693
ISSN:
15537366
e-ISSN:
15537374
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Congo
Niger
South Africa