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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Micronutrient malnutrition and wasting in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV co-infection in Malawi
BMC Infectious Diseases, Volume 4, Article 61, Year 2004
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Description
Background: Wasting and micronutrient malnutrition have not been well characterized in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. We hypothesized that micronutrient malnutrition is associated with wasting and higher plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: In a cross-sectional study involving 579 HIV-positive and 222 HIV-negative adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zomba, Malawi, anthropometry, plasma HIV load and plasma micronutrient concentrations (retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, zinc, and selenium) were measured. The risk of micronutrient deficiencies was examined at different severity levels of wasting. Results: Body mass index (BMI), plasma retinol, carotenoid and selenium concentrations significantly decreased by increasing tertile of plasma HIV load. There were no significant differences in plasma micronutrient concentrations between HIV-negative individuals and HIV-positive individuals who were in the lowest tertile of plasma HIV load. Plasma vitamin A concentrations <0.70 μmol/L occurred in 61%, and zinc and selenium deficiency occurred in 85% and 87% respectively. Wasting, defined as BMI<18.5 was present in 59% of study participants and was independently associated with a higher risk of low carotenoids, and vitamin A and selenium deficiency. Severe wasting, defined as BMI<16.0 showed the strongest associations with deficiencies in vitamin A, selenium and plasma carotenoids. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that wasting and higher HIV load in pulmonary tuberculosis are associated with micronutrient malnutrition. © 2004 van Lettow et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
van Lettow, Monique
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Harries, Anthony David
Malawi, Lilongwe
National Tuberculosis Control Programme Malawi
Kumwenda, Johnstone J.
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Zijlstra, Eduard Evert
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Clark, Tamara D.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Taha, Taha E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Semba, Richard D.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 135
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2334-4-61
ISSN:
14712334
e-ISSN:
14712334
Research Areas
Food Security
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Malawi