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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
chemistry
Hands, water, and health: Fecal contamination in Tanzanian communities with improved, non-networked water supplies
Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 44, No. 9, Year 2010
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Description
Almost half of the worlds population relies on non-networked water supply services, which necessitates in-home water storage. It has been suggested that dirty hands play a role in microbial contamination of drinking water during collection, transport, and storage. However, little work has been done to evaluate quantitatively the association between hand contamination and stored water quality within households. This study measured levels of E. coli, fecal streptococci, and occurrence of the general Bacteroidales fecal DNA marker in source water, in stored water, and on hands in 334 households among communities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where residents use non-networked water sources. Levels of fecal contamination on hands of mothers and children were positively correlated to fecal contamination in stored drinking water within households. Household characteristics associated with hand contamination included mothers educational attainment, use of an improved toilet, an infant in the household, and dissatisfaction with the quantity of water available for hygiene. In addition, fecal contamination on hands was associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms within a household. The results suggest that reducing fecal contamination on hands should be investigated as a strategy for improving stored drinking water quality and health among households using non-networked water supplies. © 2010 American Chemical Society.
Authors & Co-Authors
Pickering, Amy J.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Davis, Jenna E.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Walters, Sarah P.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Horak, Helena M.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Keymer, Daniel P.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Mushi, Douglas
Tanzania, Morogoro
Sokoine University of Agriculture
Strickfaden, Rachelle
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Chynoweth, Joshua S.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Liu, Jessie
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Blum, Annalise G.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Rogers, Kirsten
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Boehm, Alexandria B.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Statistics
Citations: 153
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 2
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1021/es903524m
ISSN:
0013936X
e-ISSN:
15205851
Research Areas
Environmental
Genetics And Genomics
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Tanzania