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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Reduction in preterm delivery and neonatal mortality after the introduction of antenatal cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-infected women with low CD4 cell counts
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 194, No. 11, Year 2006
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Description
Background. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is recommended for subgroups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults and children to reduce all-cause morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether antenatal cotrimoxazole prophylaxis begun during pregnancy for HIV-infected pregnant women with low CD4 cell counts would affect birth outcomes. Methods. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was introduced as a routine component of antenatal care for HIV-infected women with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL during the course of a trial of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Lusaka, Zambia. Rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality were compared for women with low CD4 cell counts before and after its introduction. Results. Among 255 women with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL, the percentage of preterm births (≤34 weeks of gestation) was lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.49 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.24-0.98]) after cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was introduced than before; there was a significant decrease in neonatal mortality (9% to 0%; P = .01) and a trend toward increased birth weight (β = 114 g [95% CI, -42 to 271 g]). In contrast, there were no significant changes in these parameters over the same time interval among women with CD4 cell counts ≥200 cells/μL. Conclusion. Antenatal provision of cotrimoxazole for HIV-infected pregnant women with low CD4 cell counts may have indirect benefits for neonatal health. © 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Walter, Jan
United States, New York
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center
Mwiya, Mwiya
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Scott, Nancy A.
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
Kasonde, Prisca
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Sinkala, Moses M.
Zambia, Lusaka
Lusaka District Health Management Team
Kankasa, Chipepo
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Kauchali, Shuaib
United States, New York
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center
Aldrovandi, Grace M.
United States, Los Angeles
University of Southern California
Thea, Donald M.
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
Kuhn, Louise
United States, New York
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center
Statistics
Citations: 48
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1086/508996
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Case-Control Study
Study Locations
Zambia
Participants Gender
Female