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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
economics, econometrics and finance
Working women in an urban setting: Traders, vendors and food security in Accra
World Development, Volume 27, No. 11, Year 1999
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Description
Data collected from a 1997 household survey carried out in Accra, Ghana are used to look at the crucial role that women play as income earners and securing access to food in urban areas. One-third of the households surveyed are headed by women. For all households, women's labor force participation is high with 75% of all households having at least one working woman. The high number of female-headed households and the large percentage of working women in the sample provide a good backdrop for looking at how women earn and spend income differently than men in an urban area. Livelihood strategies for both men and women are predominantly labor based and dependent on social networks. For all households in the sample, food is still the single most important item in the total budget. Yet, important and striking differences between men's and women's livelihoods and expenditure patterns exist. Compared to men, women are less likely to be employed as wage earners, and more likely to work as street food vendors or petty traders. Women earn lower incomes, but tend to allocate more of their budget to basic goods for themselves and their children, while men spend more on entertainment for themselves only. Despite lower incomes and additional demands on their time as housewives and mothers, female-headed households, petty traders and street food vendors have the largest percentage of food-secure households. Women may be achieving household food security, but at what cost? This paper explores differences in income, expenditure and consumption patterns in an effort to answer this question, and suggests ways that urban planners and policy makers can address special concerns to working women in urban areas. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Levin, Carol E.
United States, Washington, D.c.
International Food Policy Research Institute
Ruel, Marie T.
Kenya, Nairobi
Care International
Morris, Saúl Sutkover
Ghana, Accra
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
Maxwell, Daniel G.
Kenya, Nairobi
Care International
Armar-Klemesu, Margaret A.
Ghana, Accra
Social and Economic Research
Ahiadeke, Clement
Ghana, Accra
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
Statistics
Citations: 306
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00096-0
ISSN:
0305750X
Research Areas
Food Security
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Ghana
Participants Gender
Male
Female