Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: Final data of the nationwide cross-sectional ‘CardioRisk’ project
Journal of Public Health in Africa, Volume 11, No. 2, Article 1368, Year 2020
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Background: Little are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syn- dromes (ACS). Objective: Describe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-spe- cific data and patients with premature pres- entation. Methods: From November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS. Results: The vast majority were males (74%) and the most prevalent age group was (56-65 years) representing 37% of whole study population. Among female patients, 92% were post-menopausal. The prevalence of premature ACS was 51%. Forty five percent of total males and 69.6% of total females with ACS had premature presentation (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (66%). Nearly half of the entire study patients were current smokers (48%). We showed a high prevalence of documented dyslipidemia (48%) as well. Early invasive management strategy was employed in 65% of patients with no significant gender disparity noticed. Vascular access for coronary angiography was most commonly femoral (80% of time). Emergent percutaneous coronary interven- tion (PCI) was attempted in 53% of patients. Thrombolytic therapy (using Streptokinase) was used in 24% of included participants. Conclusion: Among Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is com- mon with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men.