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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
In-depth analysis of a heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: Evolution, temporal fluctuation, and intercompartment dynamics from the seronegative window period through 30 months postinfection
Journal of Virology, Volume 79, No. 18, Year 2005
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Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection refers to the acquisition of another strain by an already infected individual. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an HIV-1 superinfection acquired heterosexually. The infected individual was in a high-risk cohort in Tanzania, was exposed to multiple subtypes, and was systematically evaluated every 3 months with a fluorescent multiregion genotyping assay. The subject was identified in the window period and was first infected with a complex ACD recombinant strain, became superinfected 6 to 9 months later with an AC recombinant, and was monitored for >2.5 years. The plasma viral load exceeded 400,000 copies/ml during the first 9 months of infection but resolved to the set point of 67,000 copies/ml by 3 months after superinfection; the CD4 cell count was 377 cells/μl at 30 months. Viral diversity was evaluated with techniques designed to fully sample the quasispecies, permitting direct observation of the evolution, temporal fluctuation, and intercompartment dynamics of the initial and superinfecting strains and recombinants derived from them. Within 3 months of superinfection, seven different molecular forms were detected in gag and six were detected in env. The proportions of forms fluctuated widely over time in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, illustrating how challenging the detection of dually infected individuals can be. Strain-specific nested PCR confirmed that the superinfecting strain was not present until the 9 month follow-up. This study further defines the parameters and dynamics of superinfection and will foster appropriate studies and approaches to gain a more complete understanding of risk factors for superinfection and its impact on clinical progression, epidemiology, and vaccine design. Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC1212589/bin/jvirol_79_18_11693__index.html
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC1212589/bin/jvirol_79_18_11693__Supplement_revised.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
McCutchan, Francine E.
Unknown Affiliation
Höelscher, Michael
Unknown Affiliation
Tovanabutra, Sodsai
Unknown Affiliation
Piyasirisilp, Sucheep
Unknown Affiliation
Sanders-Buell, Eric E.
Unknown Affiliation
Ramos, G.
Unknown Affiliation
Jagodzinski, Linda L.
Unknown Affiliation
Polonis, Victoria R.
Unknown Affiliation
Maboko, Leonard L.
Unknown Affiliation
Mmbando, Donan W.
Unknown Affiliation
Hoffmann, Oliver
Unknown Affiliation
Riedner, Gabriele
Unknown Affiliation
von Sonnenburg, Frank F.
Unknown Affiliation
Robb, Merlin Lee
Unknown Affiliation
Birx, Deborah L.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 92
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1128/JVI.79.18.11693-11704.2005
ISSN:
0022538X
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cohort Study
Case Study
Study Approach
Qualitative
Study Locations
Tanzania