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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Deciphering the complex distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes among different cohorts in northern Tanzania
PLoS ONE, Volume 8, No. 12, Article e81848, Year 2013
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Description
Background: Increased understanding of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 is challenging but important in the development of an effective vaccine. We aimed to describe the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in northern Tanzania among women enrolled in studies preparing for HIV-1 prevention trials (hospitality facility-worker cohorts), and among men and women in an open cohort demographic surveillance system (Kisesa cohort). Methods: The polymerase encompassing partial reverse transcriptase was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed and subtype determined. Questionnaires documented demographic data. We examined factors associated with subtype using multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for study, age, and sex. Results: Among 140 individuals (125 women and 15 men), subtype A1 predominated (54, 39%), followed by C (46, 33%), D (25, 18%) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) (15, 11%). There was weak evidence to suggest different subtype frequencies by study (for example, 18% URFs in the Kisesa cohort versus 5-9% in the hospitality facility-worker cohorts; adjusted relative-risk ratio (aRR) = 2.35 [95% CI 0.59,9.32]; global p = 0.09). Compared to men, women were less likely to have subtype D versus A (aRR = 0.12 [95% CI 0.02,0.76]; global p = 0.05). There was a trend to suggest lower relative risk of subtype D compared to A with older age (aRR = 0.44 [95% CI 0.23,0.85] per 10 years; global p = 0.05). Conclusions: We observed multiple subtypes, confirming the complex genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in northern Tanzania, and found some differences between cohorts and by age and sex. This has important implications for vaccine design and development, providing opportunity to determine vaccine efficacy in diverse HIV-1 strains. © 2013 Njai et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Njai, Harr Freeya
Unknown Affiliation
Ewings, Fiona M.
Unknown Affiliation
Lyimo, Eric
Unknown Affiliation
Foulongne, Vincent
Unknown Affiliation
Ngerageza, Dhamira
Unknown Affiliation
Mongi, Aika
Unknown Affiliation
Ssemwanga, Deogratius
Unknown Affiliation
Andreasen, Aura
Unknown Affiliation
Nyombi, Balthazar M.
Unknown Affiliation
Ao, Throng Thanh Hoang
Unknown Affiliation
Michael, Denna
Unknown Affiliation
Urassa, Mark S.
Unknown Affiliation
Todd, Jim E.
Unknown Affiliation
Zaba, Basia W.
Unknown Affiliation
Changalucha, John M.
Unknown Affiliation
Hayes, Richard John
Unknown Affiliation
Kapiga, Saidi Hussein
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 17
Authors: 17
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0081848
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Tanzania
Participants Gender
Male
Female