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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 281, No. 1791, Article 20141122, Year 2014
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Description
We report the discovery of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) from Hepadnaviridae, Bornaviridae and Circoviridae in the speckled rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchellii, the first viperid snake for which a draft whole genome sequence assembly is available. Analysis of the draft assembly reveals genome fragments from the three virus families were inserted into the genome of this snake over the past 50 Myr. Cross-species PCR screening of orthologous loci and computational scanning of the python and king cobra genomes reveals that circoviruses integrated most recently (within the last approx. 10 Myr), whereas bornaviruses and hepadnaviruses integrated at least approximately 13 and approximately 50 Ma, respectively. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of circo-, borna- and hepadnaviruses in snakes and the first characterization of non-retroviral EVEs in non-avian reptiles. Our study provides a window into the historical dynamics of viruses in these host lineages and shows that their evolution involved multiple host-switches between mammals and reptiles. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC4132678/bin/rspb20141122supp1.pdf
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC4132678/bin/rspb20141122supp2.pdf
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC4132678/bin/rspb20141122supp3.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Gilbert, Clément
France, Poitiers
Universite de Poitiers
Meik, Jesse M.
United States, Stephenville
Tarleton State University
Dashevsky, D.
United States, Portland
Reed College
Card, D. C.
United States, Arlington
The University of Texas at Arlington
Castoe, T. A.
United States, Arlington
The University of Texas at Arlington
Schaack, S.
United States, Portland
Reed College
Kenya, Nairobi
Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Statistics
Citations: 92
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1098/rspb.2014.1122
ISSN:
09628452
e-ISSN:
14712954