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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates
Journal of Virology, Volume 84, No. 13, Year 2010
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Description
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, has traditionally circulated in Africa and Asia, causing human febrile illness accompanied by severe, chronic joint pain. In Africa, epidemic emergence of CHIKV involves the transition from an enzootic, sylvatic cycle involving arboreal mosquito vectors and nonhuman primates, into an urban cycle where peridomestic mosquitoes transmit among humans. In Asia, however, CHIKV appears to circulate only in the endemic, urban cycle. Recently, CHIKV emerged into the Indian Ocean and the Indian subcontinent to cause major epidemics. To examine patterns of CHIKV evolution and the origins of these outbreaks, as well as to examine whether evolutionary rates that vary between enzootic and epidemic transmission, we sequenced the genomes of 40 CHIKV strains and performed a phylogenetic analysis representing the most comprehensive study of its kind to date. We inferred that extant CHIKV strains evolved from an ancestor that existed within the last 500 years and that some geographic overlap exists between two main enzootic lineages previously thought to be geographically separated within Africa. We estimated that CHIKV was introduced from Africa into Asia 70 to 90 years ago. The recent Indian Ocean and Indian subcontinent epidemics appear to have emerged independently from the mainland of East Africa. This finding underscores the importance of surveillance to rapidly detect and control African outbreaks before exportation can occur. Significantly higher rates of nucleotide substitution appear to occur during urban than during enzootic transmission. These results suggest fundamental differences in transmission modes and/or dynamics in these two transmission cycles. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2903258/bin/supp_84_13_6497__index.html
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2903258/bin/supp_84_13_6497__Supplementary_Figure_legends.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2903258/bin/supp_84_13_6497__Supplementary_Figures.ppt
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2903258/bin/supp_84_13_6497__Supplementary_Table.zip
Authors & Co-Authors
Volk, Sara M.
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
United States, San Antonio
Our Lady of the Lake University
Chen, Rubing
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Ttsetsarkin, Konstantin
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Adams, A. Paige
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Garcia, Tzintzuni I.
United States, Galveston
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
United States, San Marcos
Texas State University
Sall, Amadou Alpha
Senegal, Dakar
Institut Pasteur de Dakar
Nasar, Farooq
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Schuh, Amy J.
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Holmes, Edward C.
United States, University Park
Pennsylvania State University
Higgs, Stephen T.
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Maharaj, Payal D.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Brault, A.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Weaver, Scott C.
United States, Galveston
University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 341
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 8
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1128/JVI.01603-09
ISSN:
0022538X
Study Locations
Multi-countries