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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposures in smokers and nonsmokers exposed to cigarette or waterpipe tobacco smoke
Nicotine and Tobacco Research, Volume 15, No. 1, Year 2013
Notification
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Description
Introduction: The causal relationship between tobacco smoking and a variety of cancers is attributable to the carcinogens that smokers inhale, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). We aimed to assess the exposure to TSNAs in waterpipe smokers (WPS), cigarette smokers (CS), and nonsmoking females exposed to tobacco smoke. Methods: We measured 2 metabolites , 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAl-Gluc) in the urine of males who were either current CS or WPS, and their wives exposed to either cigarette or waterpipe smoke in a sample of 46 subjects from rural Egypt. Results: Of the 24 current male smokers, 54.2% were exclusive CS and 45.8% were exclusive WPS. Among wives, 59.1% reported exposure to cigarette smoke and 40.9% to waterpipe smoke.The geometric mean of urinary NNAL was 0.19 ± 0.60 pmol/ml urine (range 0.005 - 2.58) in the total sample. Significantly higher levels of NNAL were observed among male smokers of either cigarettes or waterpipe (0.89 ± 0.53 pmol/ml, range 0.78 - 2.58 in CS and 0.21 - 1.71 in WPS) compared with nonsmoking wives (0.04 ± 0.18 pmol/ml, range 0.01 - 0.60 in CS wives, 0.05 - 0.23 in WPS wives, p = .000). Among males, CS had significantly higher levels of NNAL compared with WPS (1.22 vs. 0.62; p = .007). However, no significant difference was detected in NNAL levels between wives exposed to cigarette smoke or waterpipe smoke. Conclusions: Cigarette smokers levels of NNAL were higher than WPS levels in males. Exposure to tobacco smoke was evident in wives of both CS and WPS. Among WPS, NNAL tended to increase with increasing numbers of hagars smoked/day. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Radwan, Ghada Nasr
Egypt, Cairo
Faculty of Medicine
Egypt, Cairo
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Egypt, Cairo
The Union Middle East Regional Office - Egypt
Hecht, Stephen S.
United States, Minneapolis
Masonic Cancer Center
Carmella, Steven G.
United States, Minneapolis
Masonic Cancer Center
Loffredo, Christopher A.
United States, Washington, D.c.
Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
Statistics
Citations: 54
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/ntr/nts099
ISSN:
14622203
e-ISSN:
1469994X
Research Areas
Substance Abuse
Study Locations
Egypt
Participants Gender
Male
Female