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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders: A systematic review of population-based, epidemiological studies
BMC Medicine, Volume 10, Article 123, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated that rates of smoking and nicotine dependence are increased in individuals with anxiety disorders. However, significant variability exists in the epidemiological literature exploring this relationship, including study design (cross-sectional versus prospective), the population assessed (random sample versus clinical population) and diagnostic instrument utilized.Methods: We undertook a systematic review of population-based observational studies that utilized recognized structured clinical diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD)) for anxiety disorder diagnosis to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders.Results: In total, 47 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria, with 12 studies providing prospective information and 5 studies providing quasiprospective information. The available evidence suggests that some baseline anxiety disorders are a risk factor for initiation of smoking and nicotine dependence, although the evidence is heterogeneous and many studies did not control for the effect of comorbid substance use disorders. The identified evidence however appeared to more consistently support cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence as being a risk factor for development of some anxiety disorders (for example, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), although these findings were not replicated in all studies. A number of inconsistencies in the literature were identified.Conclusions: Although many studies have demonstrated increased rates of smoking and nicotine dependence in individuals with anxiety disorders, there is a limited and heterogeneous literature that has prospectively examined this relationship in population studies using validated diagnostic criteria. The most consistent evidence supports smoking and nicotine dependence as increasing the risk of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The literature assessing anxiety disorders increasing smoking and nicotine dependence is inconsistent. Potential issues with the current literature are discussed and directions for future research are suggested. © 2012 Moylan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Moylan, Steven
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Jacka, Felice Nellie
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Berk, Michael
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Australia, Melbourne
Orygen Youth Health
Australia, Melbourne
The Florey
Statistics
Citations: 181
Authors: 3
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1741-7015-10-123
ISSN:
17417015
Research Areas
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Systematic review