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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Characterization of the first angiotensin-converting like enzyme in bacteria: Ancestor ACE is already active
Gene, Volume 399, No. 1, Year 2007
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Description
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a metallopeptidase that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. ACE is crucial in the control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis and fertility in mammals. In vertebrates, both transmembrane and soluble ACE, containing one or two active sites, have been characterized. So far, only soluble, single domain ACEs from invertebrates have been cloned, and these have been implicated in reproduction in insects. Furthermore, an ACE-related carboxypeptidase was recently characterized in Leishmania, a unicellular eukaryote, suggesting the existence of ACE in more distant organisms. Interestingly, in silico databank analysis revealed that bacterial DNA sequences could encode putative ACE-like proteins, strikingly similar to vertebrates' enzymes. To gain more insight into the bacterial enzymes, we cloned the putative ACE from the phytopathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, named XcACE. The 2 kb open reading frame encodes a 672-amino-acid soluble protein containing a single active site. In vitro expression and biochemical characterization revealed that XcACE is a functional 72 kDa dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase. As in mammals, this metalloprotease hydrolyses angiotensin I into angiotensin II. XcACE is sensitive to ACE inhibitors and chloride ions concentration. Variations in the active site residues, highlighted by structural modelling, can account for the different substrate selectivity and inhibition profile compared to human ACE. XcACE characterization demonstrates that ACE is an ancestral enzyme, provoking questions about its appearance and structure/activity specialisation during the course of evolution. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC7127174/bin/mmc1.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Rivière, Guillaume
France, Lille
Université de Lille
Michaud, Annie A.
France, Paris
Inserm
Corradi, Hazel Ruth
United Kingdom, Bath
University of Bath
Sturrock, Edward D.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Ravi Acharya, K.
United Kingdom, Bath
University of Bath
Cogez, Virginie
France, Villeneuve-d'ascq
Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle Ugsf
Bohin, Jean Pierre
France, Villeneuve-d'ascq
Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle Ugsf
Vieau, Didier
France, Lille
Université de Lille
Corvol, Pierre L.
France, Paris
Inserm
Statistics
Citations: 29
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.gene.2007.05.010
ISSN:
03781119
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Noncommunicable Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health