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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Consistently high estimates for the proportion of human exposure to malaria vector populations occurring indoors in rural Africa
International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 42, No. 1, Article dys214, Year 2013
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Description
Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are highly effective tools for controlling malaria transmission in Africa because the most important vectors, from the Anopheles gambiae complex and the A. funestus group, usually prefer biting humans indoors at night. Methods Matched surveys of mosquito and human behaviour from six rural sites in Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Zambia, and Kenya, with ITN use ranging from 0.2 to 82.5, were used to calculate the proportion of human exposure to An. gambiae sensu lato and An. funestus s.l. that occurs indoors (πi), as an indicator of the upper limit of personal protection that indoor vector control measures can provide. This quantity was also estimated through use of a simplified binary analysis (πiB) so that the proportions of mosquitoes caught indoors (Pi), and between the first and last hours at which most people are indoors (Pfl) could also be calculated as underlying indicators of feeding by mosquitoes indoors or at night, respectively. Results The vast majority of human exposure to Anopheles bites occurred indoors (iB 0.79-1.00). Neither An. gambiae s.l. nor An. funestus s.l. strongly preferred feeding indoors (Pi 0.40-0.63 and 0.22-0.69, respectively), but they overwhelmingly preferred feeding at times when most humans were indoors (Pfl 0.78-1.00 and 0.86-1.00, respectively). Conclusions These quantitative summaries of behavioural interactions between humans and mosquitoes constitute a remarkably consistent benchmark with which future observations of vector behaviour can be compared. Longitudinal monitoring of these quantities is vital to evaluate the effectiveness of ITNs and IRS and the need for complementary measures that target vectors outdoors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Huho, Bernadette J.
Unknown Affiliation
Briët, Olivier J.T.
Unknown Affiliation
Seyoum, Aklilu
Unknown Affiliation
Sikaala, Chadwick Haadezu
Unknown Affiliation
Bayoh, Nabie M.
Unknown Affiliation
Gimnig, John E.
Unknown Affiliation
Okumu, Fredros Oketch
Unknown Affiliation
Diallo, Diadier Diadier
Unknown Affiliation
Abdulla, Salim Mohammed K.
Unknown Affiliation
Smith, Thomas A.
Unknown Affiliation
Killeen, Gerry Francis
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 162
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 10
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/ije/dys214
ISSN:
03005771
e-ISSN:
14643685
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Burkina Faso
Kenya
Tanzania
Zambia