Comparative study between laparoscopic Heller Myotomy versus pneumatic dilatation for treatment of early Achalasia: A prospective randomized study

Introduction: Achalasia is an incurable primary motor disorder of the esophagus. The best treatment modality for achalasia is still controversial. This study compared the short- and intermediate-term outcome between endoscopic pneumatic dilatation (EPD) versus laparoscopic esophageal myotomy (LEM) for the management of adult patients with early-stage achalasia. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study of adult patients (20-50 years old) who presented with early-stage achalasia (esophageal diameter of <3.5cm on contrast esophagography). Patients were classified into two groups according to the method of management: Group A patients were treated with LEM, whereas Group B patients were treated with EPD. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and then 1 year. Results: In total, 50 patients were managed for a manometrically confirmed diagnosis of achalasia. The median age of presentation was 31.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.4:1. Both groups were comparable regarding patient demographics and preoperative severity of the condition. The rate of symptoms relief was 76% in EPD compared with 96% in LEM (P=.04). There was a significant lowering of lower esophageal sphincter in the LEM group (P=.0001). Perforation of the esophagus occurred in 8% of the patients during EPD, whereas mucosal tears occurred in 4% of the patients during LEM. Reflux symptoms developed in 28% and 16% of the patients in the EPD and LEM groups, respectively. Conclusions: LEM was more effective clinically and manometrically for patients with early-stage achalasia than EPD. There was no significant difference between the two procedures regarding complications.