Ocular findings in Saudi Arabian patients with sickle cell disease

Aim-This study was set up to determine whether or not retinal changes occur in sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabian subjects with either the Benin, which exists in the south western part of the kingdom, or Asian haplotypes in the east, and to compare the findings with those in sickle cell disease in Jamaica. Methods-Retinal examination and fluorescein angiography were performed in 61 patients with SS disease (40 eastern, 20 south western, 1 central region) and 10 with sickle cell ,β0 thalassaemia. Results-Peripheral retinal vascular changes were common, and a qualitatively abnormal vascular border believed to imply risk of proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR) was significantly more common in south western SS patients and PSR was shown in one of these. There were no differences in visual acuity, the presence of peripheral retinal patches, or the circumferential or posterior extent of peripheral retinal vessel closure between SS disease and sickle cell β0 thalassaemia or between SS disease in the two regions. Compared with the Jamaican Cohort Study, >180° of the peripheral retinal vasculature was seen significantly less frequent, suggesting factors inhibiting vascular remodelling in Saudi patients in early life. Conclusion-Sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia affects the retina and represents a potential threat to vision. Changes occur whatever the haplotype, and is similar to that observed in Jamaica.