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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Associations between the legal context of HIV, perceived social capital, and HIV antiretroviral adherence in North America
BMC Public Health, Volume 13, No. 1, Article 736, Year 2013
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Description
Background: Human rights approaches to manage HIV and efforts to decriminalize HIV exposure/transmission globally offer hope to persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, among vulnerable populations of PLWH, substantial human rights and structural challenges (disadvantage and injustice that results from everyday practices of a well-intentioned liberal society) must be addressed. These challenges span all ecosocial context levels and in North America (Canada and the United States) can include prosecution for HIV nondisclosure and HIV exposure/transmission. Our aims were to: 1) Determine if there were associations between the social structural factor of criminalization of HIV exposure/transmission, the individual factor of perceived social capital (resources to support one's life chances and overcome life's challenges), and HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among PLWH and 2) describe the nature of associations between the social structural factor of criminalization of HIV exposure/transmission, the individual factor of perceived social capital, and HIV ART adherence among PLWH. Methods. We used ecosocial theory and social epidemiology to guide our study. HIV related criminal law data were obtained from published literature. Perceived social capital and HIV ART adherence data were collected from adult PLWH. Correlation and logistic regression were used to identify and characterize observed associations. Results: Among a sample of adult PLWH (n = 1873), significant positive associations were observed between perceived social capital, HIV disclosure required by law, and self-reported HIV ART adherence. We observed that PLWH who have higher levels of perceived social capital and who live in areas where HIV disclosure is required by law reported better average adherence. In contrast, PLWH who live in areas where HIV transmission/exposure is a crime reported lower 30-day medication adherence. Among our North American participants, being of older age, of White or Hispanic ancestry, and having higher perceived social capital, were significant predictors of better HIV ART adherence. Conclusions: Treatment approaches offer clear advantages in controlling HIV and reducing HIV transmission at the population level. These advantages, however, will have limited benefit for adherence to treatments without also addressing the social and structural challenges that allow HIV to continue to spread among society's most vulnerable populations. © 2013 Phillips et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Phillips, J. Craig
Canada, Ottawa
Université D'ottawa Faculté Des Sciences de la Santé, École Des Sciences Infirmières
Webel, Allison R.
United States, Cleveland
Case Western Reserve University
Dawson-Rose, Carol S.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Corless, Inge B.
United States, Boston
Mgh Institute of Health Professions
Sullivan, Kathleen M.
United States, Honolulu
School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene
Voss, Joachim G.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Wantland, Dean J.
United States, Newark
Rutgers School of Nursing
Nokes, Kathleen M.
United States, New York
Hunter College
Brion, John M.
United States, Durham
Duke University
Chen, Weiti
United States, New Haven
Yale School of Nursing
Iipinge, Scholastika Ndatinda
Namibia, Windhoek
University of Namibia
Eller, Lucille Sanzero
United States, Newark
Rutgers School of Nursing
Tyer-Viola, Lynda A.
United States, Boston
Mgh Institute of Health Professions
Rivero-Méndez, Marta M.
Puerto Rico, San Juan
Universidad de Puerto Rico
Nicholas, Patrice Kenneally
United States, Boston
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Johnson, Mallory O.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Maryland, Mary
United States, Chicago
Chicago State University
Kemppainen, Jeanne K.
United States, Wilmington
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Portillo, Carmen J.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Chaiphibalsarisdi, Puangtip
Thailand, Bangkok
Metharath University
Kirksey, Kenn M.
United States, Houston
Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital
Sefcik, Elizabeth F.
United States, Corpus Christi
Texas a and M University - Corpus Christi
Reid, Paula
United States, Wilmington
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Cuca, Yvette P.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Huang, Emily
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Holzemer, William L.
United States, Newark
Rutgers School of Nursing
Statistics
Citations: 34
Authors: 26
Affiliations: 18
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2458-13-736
e-ISSN:
14712458
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study