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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?
BMC Medicine, Volume 11, No. 1, Article 200, Year 2013
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Description
Background: We now know that depression is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response and activation of cell-mediated immunity, as well as activation of the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system. It is similarly accompanied by increased oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), which contribute to neuroprogression in the disorder. The obvious question this poses is 'what is the source of this chronic low-grade inflammation?'. Discussion: This review explores the role of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress as possible mediators of known environmental risk factors in depression, and discusses potential implications of these findings. A range of factors appear to increase the risk for the development of depression, and seem to be associated with systemic inflammation; these include psychosocial stressors, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, altered gut permeability, atopy, dental cares, sleep and vitamin D deficiency.Summary: The identification of known sources of inflammation provides support for inflammation as a mediating pathway to both risk and neuroprogression in depression. Critically, most of these factors are plastic, and potentially amenable to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Most, but not all, of the above mentioned sources of inflammation may play a role in other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and post-traumatic stress disorder. © 2013 Berk et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Berk, Michael
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Australia, Melbourne
The Florey
Australia, Melbourne
Orygen Youth Health
Jacka, Felice Nellie
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
O’neil, Adrienne E.
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
Moylan, Steven
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Allen, Nicholas B.
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Maes, Michael H.J.
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Thailand, Bangkok
Chulalongkorn University
Statistics
Citations: 930
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1741-7015-11-200
ISSN:
17417015
Research Areas
Disability
Health System And Policy
Mental Health
Noncommunicable Diseases