Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in breast milk are associated with HIV-1 shedding but not with mastitis
AIDS, Volume 22, No. 12, Year 2008
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
Background: Breast milk HIV-1 load is associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, and both milk viral load and mastitis are associated with increased mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding. Bacterial infections may cause clinical mastitis, but whether other copathogens common in HIV-1 infection are associated with subclinical mastitis or HIV-1 shedding is unknown. Design: A cross-sectional study of HIV-1-infected breastfeeding women in Zimbabwe was performed to examine the relationship between a wide range of breast coinfections, mastitis, and HIV-1 shedding. Methods: Breast milk was cultured for bacteria and fungi and tested by PCR for mycobacteria, mycoplasmas, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, HHV-8, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and HIV-1 RNA and DNA. Symptoms of clinical mastitis were documented and subclinical mastitis was identified by breast milk sodium concentration (Na) and leukocyte counts. Results: Coinfections of milk were not associated with clinical or subclinical mastitis in the 217 women studied. Detection of HIV-1 RNA, but not DNA, in breast milk was associated with cytomegalovirus concentration (odds ratio = 1.8, P = 0.002) and detection of Epstein-Barr virus (odds ratio = 3.8, P = 0.0003) but not other coinfections in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Coinfection of breast milk with bacteria, fungi, or herpes viruses was not associated with mastitis. The associations between shedding of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus with HIV-1 in milk suggest a local interaction between herpes virus infection and HIV-1 independent of mastitis. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections may impact HIV-1 shedding in breast milk and the risk of MTCT. © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Authors & Co-Authors
Gantt, Soren M.
United States, Seattle
Departments of Pediatrics
United States, Seattle
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
Carlsson, Jacquelyn
United States, Seattle
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
Shetty, Avinash K.
United States, Winston Salem
Wake Forest University
Seidel, Kristy D.
United States, Seattle
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
Qin, Xuan
United States, Seattle
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
Mutsvangwa, Junior
Zimbabwe, Harare
Biomedical Research and Training Institute Harare
Musingwini, Georgina
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Woelk, Godfrey B.
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Zijenah, Lynn Sodai
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Katzenstein, David A.
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Frenkel, Lisa M.
United States, Seattle
Departments of Pediatrics
United States, Seattle
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Statistics
Citations: 31
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830184f2
e-ISSN:
14735571
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Case-Control Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Zimbabwe
Participants Gender
Female