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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Nicotine Dependence and Withdrawal Symptoms among Occasional Smokers
Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 40, No. 2, Year 2007
Notification
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Description
Purpose: This study describes the levels of nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, and risk behavior reported by male and female weekly and monthly adolescent smokers in South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 554 grade 9-11 weekly and monthly smokers in the Southern Cape-Karoo Region. Differences between the gender groups and smoking status were analyzed while controlling for demographic characteristics. Results: Weekly and monthly smokers were classified as light smokers having smoked 6-10 cigarettes and 0-1 cigarettes a week, respectively. However, they displayed substantial levels of dependence, with 11.6% of weekly smokers classified as highly dependent. Furthermore, 55.9% of weekly smokers and 47.1% of the overall sample experienced more than two withdrawal symptoms. Although dependency levels and withdrawal symptoms were higher among weekly smokers, the levels were not negligible among monthly smokers. Weekly smokers reported higher levels of depressive mood and risk behavior than monthly smokers. Females reported higher levels of dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, and lower levels of risk behavior than males. Gender differences were not found on the number of cigarettes smoked in a week. Conclusions: This study demonstrates multiple symptoms of dependence among a large sample of adolescent occasional smokers in a multi-ethnic cultural setting. Smoking cessation programs may, therefore, be required to help adolescents quit smoking and possibly consider pharmacotherapy for highly dependent smokers. Prevention programs should also consider providing occasional smokers skills to identify and cope with withdrawal symptoms. © 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine.
Authors & Co-Authors
Panday, Saadhna
Netherlands, Maastricht
Universiteit Maastricht
Reddy, Sasiragha Priscilla
South Africa, Tygerberg
South African Medical Research Council
Ruiter, Robert A.C.
Netherlands, Maastricht
Universiteit Maastricht
Bergström, Erik
Sweden, Umea
Umeå Universitet
De Vries, Hein
Netherlands, Maastricht
Universiteit Maastricht
Statistics
Citations: 51
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.001
ISSN:
1054139X
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
South Africa
Participants Gender
Male
Female