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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms in African children: Common TLR-4 variants predispose to severe malaria
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 103, No. 1, Year 2006
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Description
Genetic host factors play a substantial role in susceptibility to and severity of malaria, which continues to cause at least one million deaths per year. Recently, members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family have been shown to be involved in recognition of the etiologic organism Plasmodium falciparum: The glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor induces signaling in host cells via TLR-2 and -4, whereas hemozoin-induced immune activation involves TLR-9. Binding of microbial ligands to the respective TLRs triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines via the TLR/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain and may contribute to the host response in malaria, including cytokine induction and fever. In a case-control study among 870 Ghanaian children, we examined the influence of TLR-2, -4, and -9 polymorphisms in susceptibility to severe malaria. TLR-2 variants common in Caucasians and Asians were completely absent. However, we found a rare previously undescribed mutation (Leu658Pro), which impairs signaling via TLR-2. We failed to detect any polymorphisms within the TLR-9 Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. Two frequent TLR-9 promoter polymorphisms did not show a clear association with malaria severity. In contrast, the TLR-4-Asp299Gly variant occurred at a high rate of 17.6% in healthy controls and was even more frequent in severe malaria patients (24.1%, P < 0.05). Likewise, TLR-4-Thr399Ile was seen in 2.4% of healthy children and in 6.2% of patients (P = 0.02). TLR-4-Asp299Gly and TLR-4-Thr399Ile conferred 1.5- and 2.6-fold increased risks of severe malaria, respectively. These findings suggest TLR4-mediated responses to malaria in vivo and TLR-4 polymorphisms to be associated with disease manifestation. © 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
Authors & Co-Authors
Mockenhaupt, Frank Peter
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Cramer, Jakob Peter
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Germany, Hamburg
Bernhard Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Hamann, Lutz
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Stegemann, Miriam Songa
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Eckert, Jana
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Oh, Na Ri
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Otchwemah, Rowland N.
Ghana, Tamale
University for Development Studies Ghana
Dietz, Ekkehart
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Ehrhardt, Stephan
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Germany, Hamburg
Bernhard Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Schröder, Nicolas W.J.
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
United States, Los Angeles
Cedars-sinai Medical Center
Bienzle, Ulrich
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Schumann, Ralf R.
Germany, Berlin
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Statistics
Citations: 364
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1073/pnas.0506803102
ISSN:
00278424
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Case-Control Study