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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
The redshift and mass dependence on the formation of the Hubble sequence at z > 1 from CANDELS/UDS
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 433, No. 2, Year 2013
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Description
In this paper we present a detailed study of the structures and morphologies of a sample of 1188 massive galaxies with M* ≥ 1010M⊙ between redshifts z = 1 and 3 within the Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) region of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) field. Using this sample we determine how galaxy structure and morphology evolve with time, and investigate the nature of galaxy structure at high redshift. We visually classify our sample into discs, ellipticals and peculiar systems and correct for redshift effects on these classifications through simulations. We find significant evolution in the fractions of galaxies at a given visual classification as a function of redshift. The peculiar population is dominant at z > 2 with a substantial spheroid population, and a negligible disc population. We compute the transition redshift, ztrans, where the combined fraction of spheroidal and disc galaxies is equal to that of the peculiar population, as ztrans = 1.86 ± 0.62 for galaxies in our stellar mass range. We find that this transition changes as a function of stellar mass, with Hubble-type galaxies becoming dominant at higher redshifts for higher mass galaxies (ztrans = 2.22 ± 0.82), than for the lower mass galaxies (ztrans = 1.73 ± 0.57). Higher mass galaxies become morphologically settled before their lower mass counterparts, a form of morphological downsizing. We furthermore compare our visual classifications with the Sèrsic index, the concentration, asymmetry and clumpiness (CAS) parameters, star formation rate and rest-frame U -B colour. We find links between the colour of a galaxy, its star formation rate and how extended or peculiar it appears. Finally, we discuss the negligible z > 2 disc fraction based on visual morphologies and speculate that this is an effect of forming disc appearing peculiar through processes such as violent disc instabilities or mergers. We conclude that to properly define and measure high-redshift morphology and structure a new and more exact classification scheme is needed. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Authors & Co-Authors
Mortlock, Alice
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Conselice, Christopher J.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Hartley, William G.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Ownsworth, Jamie R.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Lani, Caterina
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Almaini, Omar
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Duncan, Kenneth J.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
van der Wel, Arjen
Germany, Heidelberg
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Koekemoer, Anton M.
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
Dekel, Avishai
Israel, Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dav́e, Romeel
United States, Tucson
The University of Arizona
Ferguson, Henry C.
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
de Mello, Duília F.
United States, Washington, D.c.
The Catholic University of America
Newman, Jeffrey Allen
United States, Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh
Faber, Sandra M.
United States, Santa Cruz
University of California, Santa Cruz
Grogin, Norman A.
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
Kocevski, Dale D.
United States, Lexington
University of Kentucky
Lai, Kamson
United States, Santa Cruz
University of California, Santa Cruz
Statistics
Citations: 119
Authors: 18
Affiliations: 10
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/mnras/stt793
ISSN:
00358711
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative