Depression among migrant workers in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Background Mental disorders are common among migrant workers. There is no data on depression in Saudi Arabia among them; although, they are a third of the population. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression and to assess its relationship with duration of stay and living condition in a sample of migrant workers. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 400 migrant workers was conducted in Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Exposure and covariate factors were assessed with a standardized questionnaire, depression with the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression) scale, and physical indices (e.g. weight, height, and blood pressure) with a general examination. Logistic regression was used to identify significant correlates of depression. Results Depression prevalence was 20%; it did not vary by duration of stay or living condition but by age, stress, and self-reported health. In the multivariate model, those who reported ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ levels of stress were 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9, 3.1) and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.7, 9.1) times more likely to have depression (reference =‘low’ level), respectively. Similarly, those who rated their health either ‘good’ or ‘fair to very poor’ were 3.4 (95% CI: 1.9, 6.1) and 4.8 (95% CI: 2.3, 10.1) times more likely to have depression (reference =‘excellent/very good’), respectively. Limitations The data were collected from one company and pertained to only male participants, and the study design could not establish temporal sequence between the exposure and outcome variables. Conclusion Depression is considerably high in this population; a large-scale and nationally representative survey is needed to validate the findings.