Optimization of Polyphenol Extraction from Three Parts of Chamaerops humilis L. (Leaves, Fruit And Pulp) Through Response Surface Methodology

Chamaerops humilis L. is a medicinal plant that contains important natural substances. Bioactive extraction is an essential step in the determination and identification of active principles present in vegetal preparations. The work aims to optimize the extraction with the best proportion of solvents to determine the quantity and quality of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from extracts of fruits, leaves and pulp of Chamaerops humilis L. A statistical methodology of the axial simplex design was used in order to examine the effect of three solvents (water, ethanol and methanol) and their binary and ternary combinations. For the leaves part, the experimental results and their response surface models revealed that the highest amount of TPC occurs with the ternary interaction between water, ethanol and methanol with equal proportions (1/3, 1/3, 1/3). The desirability profile showed that for TPC extraction, the best solvent combination for TPC extraction is the ternary interaction composed of 33.33% water, 25% methanol, and 41.67% ethanol. The high recovery of phenolic compounds was achieved with the binary interaction (50% ethanol and 50% water) for the fruit part. The same for the pulp part of the binary mixture (50% methanol and 50% water) which gave extracts with the best amount of TPC. The desirability profile revealed that the hydro-methanolic and hydro-ethanolic were considered to be the best solvents for the isolation of phenolic compounds of fruit (50% ethanol and 50% water) and pulp (50% methanol and 50% water).