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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
A proposal for an international retinoblastoma staging system
Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Volume 47, No. 6, Year 2006
Notification
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Description
Background. Although intra-retinal tumor has long been staged presurgically according to the Reese-Ellsworth (R-E) system, retinoblastoma differs from other pediatric neoplasms in never having had a widely accepted classification system that encompasses the entire spectrum of the disease. Comparisons among studies that consider disease extension, risk factors for extra-ocular relapse, and response to therapy require a universally accepted staging system for extra-ocular disease. Procedure. A committee of retinoblastoma experts from large centers worldwide has developed a consensus classification that can encompass all retinoblastoma cases and is presented herein. Patients are classified according to extent of disease and the presence of overt extra-ocular extension. In addition, a proposal for substaging considering histopathological features of enucleated specimens is presented to further discriminate between Stage I and II patients. Results. The following is a summary of the classification system developed - Stage O: Patients treated conservatively (subject to presurgical ophthalmologic classifications); Stage I: Eye enucleated, completely resected histologically; Stage II: Eye enucleated, microscopic residual tumor; Stage III: Regional extension [(a) overt orbital disease, (b) preauricular or cervical lymph node extension]; Stage IV: Metastatic disease [(a) hematogenous metastasis: (1) single lesion, (2) multiple lesions; (b) CNS extension: (1) prechiasmatic lesion, (2) CNS mass, (3) leptomeningeal disease]. A proposal is also presented for substaging of enucleated Stages I and II eyes. Conclusions. The proposed staging system is the product of an international effort to adopt a uniform staging system for patients with retinoblastoma to cover the whole spectrum of the disease. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Chantada, Guillermo Luis
Argentina, Buenos Aires
Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan
Doz, François F.
France, Paris
Institut Curie
Antoneli, Celia B.G.
Brazil, Sao Paulo
A.c.camargo Cancer Center
Grundy, Richard
United Kingdom, Birmingham
Birmingham Children's Hospital
Stannard, F. F.Clare
South Africa, Observatory
Groote Schuur Hospital
Dunkel, Ira J.
United States, New York
Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center
Grabowski, Eric
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Leal-Leal, Carlos
Mexico, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Pediatría
Rodríguez-Galindo, Carlos
United States, Memphis
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Schvartzman, Enrique
Argentina, Buenos Aires
Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan
Beck-Popovic, Maja
Switzerland, Lausanne
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Kremens, Bernhard
Germany, Duisburg
Universität Duisburg-essen
Meadows, Anna T.
United States, Philadelphia
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Zucker, Jean Michel
France, Paris
Institut Curie
Statistics
Citations: 213
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 12
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1002/pbc.20606
ISSN:
15455009
e-ISSN:
15455017
Research Areas
Cancer
Health System And Policy